What is bicarbonate ions

Chemical properties. Categories : Pages with broken file links Salts Biochemistry. Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. Namespaces Home Page Discussion. Views Read View source View history Help. Look up bicarbonate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Biological process. Biochemical pathway. Metabolic pathway. Drug action pathway. Physiological pathway. Cellular process. Only showing the first 10 proteins.

There are 42 proteins in total. Quantitative metabolomics services for biomarker discovery and validation. Your source for quantitative metabolomics technologies and bioinformatics.

You are using an unsupported browser. Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Human Metabolome Database. MrvD 4 3 0 0 0 0 V 1. Download Close. Show all enzymes and transporters. Enzyme Details. General function: Involved in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity Specific function: ACC-beta may be involved in the provision of malonyl-CoA or in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, rather than fatty acid biosynthesis. Carries out three functions: biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase.

General function: Involved in catalytic activity Specific function: Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes a 2-step reaction, involving the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the covalently attached biotin in the first step and the transfer of the carboxyl group to pyruvate in the second. Catalyzes in a tissue specific manner, the initial reactions of glucose liver, kidney and lipid adipose tissue, liver, brain synthesis from pyruvate. General function: Involved in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity Specific function: Catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in the biogenesis of long-chain fatty acids.

General function: Involved in oxidoreductase activity Specific function: Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA. General function: Lipid transport and metabolism Specific function: Catalyzes fat and vitamin absorption.

Acts in concert with pancreatic lipase and colipase for the complete digestion of dietary triglycerides. General function: Involved in inositol or phosphatidylinositol phosphatase activity Specific function: Converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate.

Also converts inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate to inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate. May function in lysosomal membrane trafficking by regulating the specific pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate that is associated with lysosomes.

Involved in primary cilia assembly. Regulates intracellular pH and may play a role in bicarbonate salvage in secretory epithelia. May also have an associated sodium channel activity. May have a housekeeping function in regulating the pH of tissues in which it is expressed. Bicarbonate, or hydrogen carbonate, is a simple single carbon molecule that plays surprisingly important roles in diverse biological processes. Among these are photosynthesis, the Krebs cycle, whole-body and cellular pH regulation, and volume regulation.

Since bicarbonate is charged it is not permeable to lipid bilayers. Mammalian membranes thus contain bicarbonate transport proteins to facilitate the specific transmembrane movement of HCO3 -. Bicarbonate ion is an anion that consists of one central carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement, with a hydrogen atom attached to one of the oxygens. The bicarbonate ion carries a negative one formal charge and is the conjugate base of carbonic acid, H2CO3.

The carbonate radical is an elusive and strong one-electron oxidant. Bicarbonate in equilibrium with carbon dioxide constitutes the main physiological buffer. The bicarbonate-carbon dioxide pair stimulates the oxidation, peroxidation and nitration of several biological targets.

The demonstration that the carbonate radical existed as an independent species in aqueous solutions at physiological pH and temperature renewed the interest in the pathophysiological roles of this radical and related species. The carbonate radical has been proposed to be a key mediator of the oxidative damage resulting from peroxynitrite production, xanthine oxidase turnover and superoxide dismutase1 peroxidase activity.

The ultimate precursor of the carbonate radical anion being bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, peroxymonocarbonate or complexes of transition metal ions with bicarbonate-derived species remains a matter of debate. The carbonate radical mediates some of the pathogenic effects of peroxynitrite.

The carbonate radical as the oxidant produced from superoxide dismutase EC 1. Bicarbonate also works with sodium, potassium, and chloride. These substances are called electrolytes. These are often measured at the same time as bicarbonate. This test is often part of a comprehensive series of blood tests to check for certain health conditions.

You may need this test to watch issues that affect pH levels in your blood. You may also have this test if you have kidney disease, liver failure, or other conditions related to metabolism. Electrolyte sodium, potassium, and chloride testing as part of a basic or comprehensive metabolic panel. Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, the method used for the test, and other things. Your test results may not mean you have a problem. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you.

Normal bicarbonate levels are:. A high level of bicarbonate in your blood can be from metabolic alkalosis, a condition that causes a pH increase in tissue. Metabolic alkalosis can happen from a loss of acid from your body, such as through vomiting and dehydration. It may also be related to conditions including anorexia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.